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In 1950-1960s a number of new giants of industry were built plants "Sokol", "Heat Exchanger", radio plant named after Lenin and others. Production of radio electronics, instrumentation, chemical industry was developing.
In 1970-1980s technical re-equipment of Nizhny Novgorod enterprises continued. The largest plants (GAZ, Krasnoe Sormovo, Sokol) mastered the production of new models of products, production volumes increased.
Railway engineering Nizhny Novgorod was the center of steam locomotives and diesel trains development. It provided more than 50% of locomotives used in the USSR.
After 1991 and the collapse of the USSR, Nizhny Novgorod industry experienced a decline due to a systemic crisis. Many enterprises reduced production, some of them were closed.
In the post-Soviet period, Nizhny Novgorod experienced a revival, gaining a diversified economy with a focus on trade, aerospace, radio electronics, and automobile manufacturing. The historic city center was extensively restored.
Nizhny Novgorod has retained its historic architecture and importance as a trade center. Among the sights of the city are the vast walls of the Kremlin and the Arsenal building, the Governor's House, the cathedrals of the 18th century, the modern Chkalov Stairs on the Volga embankment. The city has theaters, museums and major universities.