62
Ryan P. McCormack et al., Commitment to Assessment and Treatment: Comprehensive Care for Patients Gravely Disabled by Alcohol Use Disorders, Lancet 382, no. 9896 (September 2013): 995997, https://doi.org/10.1016/s01406736(12)622065
63
Nick Heather, On Defining Addiction, в кн. Heather and Segal, Addiction and Choice, 328; Michael S. Moore, Addiction, Responsibility, and Neuroscience, University of Illinois Law Review 202, no. 2: 375470, https://illinoislawreview.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Moore.pdf. Нельзя не отметить, что критерии, которые считаются объективными, тем не менее содержат оценочные суждения, поскольку включают в себя такие понятия, как «проблемы» и «много времени».
64
Отметим, что критерии расстройства употребления психоактивных веществ нельзя назвать абсолютно надежными, см. Deborah Hasin et al., The DSM-5 Field Trials and Reliability of Alcohol Use Disorder, Drug and Alcohol Dependence 148 (March 2015): 226229, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.12.006.
65
Harry G. Frankfurt, Freedom of the Will and the Concept of a Person, Journal of Philosophy 68, no. 1 (January 1971): 12, https://doi.org/10.2307/2024717.
66
Herbert Fingarette, Philosophical and Legal Aspects of the Disease Concept of Alcoholism, in Research Advances in Alcohol and Drug Problems, vol. 7, ed. Reginald G. Smart et al. (New York: Plenum Press, 1983), 4.
67
Jose Murgatroyd Cree, Protestant Evangelicals and Addiction in Early Modern English, Renaissance Studies 32, no. 3 (June 2018): 446462, https://doi.org/10.1111/rest.12328; Jose Murgatroyd Cree, The Invention of Addiction in Early Modern England (PhD diss., University of Sheffield, 2018). См. также Augustus Charles Bickley, John Frith, в кн. Dictionary of National Biography, ed. Leslie Stephen (London: Smith, Elder, 1889), https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Frith,_John_(DNB00); Thomas Russell, The Story, Life, and Martyrdom of John Frith, with the Godly and Learned Works and Writings of the Said Author, Hereafter Appearing, в кн. The Works of the English Reformers: William Tyndale and John Frith, ed. Thomas Russell (London: Ebenezer Palmer, 1831), 2:77, https://archive.org/details/theworksoftheeng03tynduoft/page/n7/mode/2up.
68
Rebecca Lemon, Addiction and Devotion in Early Modern England (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2018), ix.
69
Cree, Protestant Evangelicals, 3.
70
John Frith, Antithesis [], in Russell, Works of the English Reformers, 318 (курсив наш).
71
Cree, The Invention of Addiction, chap. 4. Говоря точнее, слово пришло из новой латыни, где оно уже приобрело значение, в котором его использовал Фрит.
72
Cree, Protestant Evangelicals, 174, 448.
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Cree, Protestant Evangelicals, 455.
74
Lemon, Addiction and Devotion, 10.
75
Gabriel, Gods and Monsters, 8690; Christopher Cook, Alcohol, Addiction, and Christian Ethics (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2006); Mariana Valverde, Diseases of the Will: Alcohol and the Dilemmas of Freedom (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1998).
76
Rebecca Lemon, Scholarly Addiction: Doctor Faustus and the Drama of Devotion, Renaissance Quarterly 69, no. 3 (Fall 2016): 865898, https://doi.org/10.1086/689036; Genevieve Guenther, Why Devils Came When Faustus Called Them, Modern Philology 109, no. 1 (August 2011): 4670, https://doi.org/10.1086/662147.
77
Henri Logeman, ed., The English Faust-Book of 1592 (Ghent, 1900), 1, https://books.google.com/books?id=Q0RHAAAAcAAJ.
78
Laurence Bergreen, Columbus: The Four Voyages, 14921504 (New York: Penguin, 2012), 2628.
79
Bergreen, Columbus, 19, 27; Count Corti, A History of Smoking, trans. Paul England (New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1932), 3539. На самом деле первые листья табака дали Колумбу таино, жившие на Багамах, но тот подарок он выкинул.
80
Rudi Mathee, Exotic Substances: The Introduction and Global Spread of Tobacco, Coffee, Cocoa, Tea, and Distilled Liquor, Sixteenth to Eighteenth Centuries, в кн. Drugs and Narcotics in History, ed. Roy Porter and Mikulás Teich (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1995), 33.
81
Zachary Siegel, Is the U. S. Knee-Deep in Epidemics, or Is That Just Wishful Thinking? New York Times, August 14, 2018, https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/14/magazine/epidemic-disaster-tragedy.html.
82
David T. Courtwright, Forces of Habit: Drugs and the Making of the Modern World (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2001), 16.
83
Jordan Goodman, Excitantia: Or, How Enlightenment Europe Took to Soft Drugs, в кн. Consuming Habits: Global and Historical Perspectives on How Cultures Define Drugs, 2nd ed., ed. Jordan Goodman, Paul E. Lovejoy, and Andrew Sherratt (New York: Routledge, 2007), 121. О сахаре: см. Andrew Sherratt, введение к кн. Consuming Habits, 7.
84
Garcia da Orta, Colloquies on the Simples & Drugs of India, ed. Conde de Ficalho, trans. Clements Markham (Lisbon, 1895), https://archive.org/stream/colloquiesonsimp00orta/colloquiesonsimp00orta_djvu.txt. («Мужчины, принимающие его, становятся вялыми и сонными, они говорят, что употребляют, чтобы не чувствовать проблем Если не дать им его, есть риск летального исхода и среди тех, кто его употребляет, распространена сильная тяга к нему»). См. также Benjamin Breen, The Age of Intoxication: Origins of the Global Drug Trade (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2019), 5859; Marcus Boon, The Road of Excess: A History of Writers on Drugs (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2005), гл. 1.
85
Именно от имени Жана Нико происходит слово «никотин». Larry Harrison, Tobacco Battered and the Pipes Shattered: A Note on the Fate of the First British Campaign against Tobacco Smoking, British Journal of Addiction 81, no. 4 (April 1986): 553558, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.13600443.1986.tb00367.x.
86
Corti, History of Smoking, 69; Alfred H. Dunhill, Smoking in England Elizabethan, в кн. The Gentle Art of Smoking (New York: Putnam, 1954), https://web.archive.org/web/20181109095246/http://archive.tobacco.org:80/History/Elizabethan_Smoking.html; Iain Gately, Tobacco: A Cultural History of How an Exotic Plant Seduced Civilization (New York: Grove Press, 2001), 45.
87
Patrizia Russo et al., Tobacco Habit: Historical, Cultural, Neurobiological, and Genetic Features of Peoples Relationship with an Addictive Drug, Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 54, no. 4 (Autumn 2011): 557577, https://doi.org/10.1353/pbm.2011.0047. В частности, папа угрожал отлучением тем, кто употреблял нюхательный табак прямо в церкви: J. D. Rolleston, On Snuff Taking, British Journal of Inebriety 34, no. 1 (July 1936): 116.
88
Carol Benedict, Golden-Silk Smoke: A History of Tobacco in China, 15552010 (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2011), 24; Corti, History of Smoking, 141.
89
David Courtwright, The Age of Addiction: How Bad Habits Became Big Business (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2019), 70. См. также James Grehan, Smoking and Early Modern Sociability: The Great Tobacco Debate in the Ottoman Middle East (Seventeenth to Eighteenth Centuries), American Historical Review 111, no. 5 (December 2006): 13521377, https://doi.org/10.1086/ahr.111.5.1352.
90
King James I, A Counterblaste to Tobacco (London, 1604), 16, https://books.google.com/books?id=EasUAAAAYAAJ. См. также David Harley, The Beginnings of the Tobacco Controversy: Puritanism, James I, and the Royal Physicians, Bulletin of the History of Medicine 67, no. 1 (Spring 1993): 2850, PMID: 8461637.
91
Joshua Sylvester, Tobacco Battered and the Pipes Shattered (About Their Ears, That Idly Idolize So Base and Barbarous a Weed: Or, at Least-Wise Over-Love So Loathsome Vanity) (London, 1676; Ann Arbor, MI: Text Creation Partnership, 2011), https://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/eebo/A87472.0001.001/1:6?rgn=%20div1;view=fulltext.