Indirect speech: I asked him whether/if he had seen my pen. – Я запитав, чи бачив він мою ручку..
Спеціальні питання вводяться питальними словами:
Direct speech: He wondered: “Who on earth would buy this junk?!” – Він поцікавився: «Хто взагалі стане купувати цю рухлядь?!»
Indirect speech: He wondered who on earth would buy that junk. – Він поцікавився, хто взагалі стане купувати ту рухлядь.
Коротка відповідь на питання непрямої мови вводиться сполучником that без слів yes/no:
Direct speech: She answered, "Yes, I do." – Вона відповіла: «Так».
Indirect speech: She answered that she did. – Вона відповіла ствердно.
Наказові речення в непрямій мові
Такі речення використовуються з дієсловами say, tell, order, ask, beg, дієслово в наказовому способі змінюється в форму інфінітива:
Direct speech: Mom told me, "Clean your room." – Мама сказала мені: «Прибери свою кімнату».
Indirect speech: Mom told me to clean my room. – Мама сказала мені прибрати свою кімнату.
Заперечна форма дієслова в наказовому способі замінюється інфінітивом з попередньою часткою not.
Direct speech: He said, "Don’t run in the corridor." – Він сказав: «Не бігайте в коридорі».
Indirect speech: He said not to run in the corridor. – Він сказав не бігати в коридорі.
I
ntroductory verbs
Нижче представлені деякі дієслова – introductory verbs, які дозволяють передати чужу мову без постійного використання she said або he asked:
agree – погоджуватися
Direct speech: “Ok, I was wrong.” – «Я був неправий.»
Indirect speech: He agreed that he had been wrong. – Він погодився, що був неправий.
claim – заявляти
Direct speech: “I saw the UFO.” – «Я бачив НЛО.»
Indirect speech: He claimed that he had seen the UFO. – Він заявив, що бачив НЛО.
complain – скаржитися
Direct speech: “You never share any secrets with me!” – «Ти ніколи не ділишся зі мною секретами.»
Indirect speech: She complained that I never shared any secrets with her. – Вона скаржилася, що я ніколи не ділився з нею секретами.
admit – визнавати
Direct speech: “I was really unfriendly to him.” – «Я дійсно була з ним ворожа.»
Indirect speech: She admitted that she had been unfriendly to him. – Вона визнала, що була з ним ворожа.
deny – заперечувати
Direct speech: “I didn’t break your favorite cup!” – «Я не розбивав твоєї улюбленої чашки!»
Indirect speech: He denied that he had broken the cup. – Він заперечував, що розбив чашку.
exclaim – вигукнути
Direct speech: “I am so happy!” – «Я така щаслива!»
Indirect speech: She exclaimed that he was very happy. – Вона вигукнула, що була щаслива.
explain – пояснити
Direct speech: “You see, there’s no point in going there right now.” – «Бачиш, немає причини йти туди прямо зараз.»
Indirect speech: He explained that there was no point in going there at that moment. – Він пояснив, що не було причини йти туди в той момент.
recommend – радити
Direct speech: “You’d better stay at home.” – «Тобі було б краще залишатися вдома.»
Indirect speech: She recommended that we stayed at home. – Вона радила, щоб ми залишилися вдома.
prove – доводити
Direct speech: “See, the system works.” – «Дивись, система працює.»
Indirect speech: He proved that the system worked. – Він довів, що система працювала.
state – стверджувати
Direct speech: “I have never seen the young man before.” – «Я ніколи не бачив цього юнака раніше.»
Indirect speech: The witness stated that she had never seen the young man before. – Свідок стверджував, що ніколи раніше не бачив того юнака.
promise – обіцяти
Direct speech: “I will be back no later than eight o’clock.” – «Я вернуся не пізніше 8 годин.»
Indirect speech: Dad promised that he would be back no later than eight o’clock. – Тато пообіцяв повернутися не пізніше 8 годин.
suggest – пропонувати
Direct speech: “Shall we spend the evening together?” – «Ми проведемо разом вечір?»
Indirect speech: He suggested that they spent the evening together. – Він запропонував провести вечір разом.
assert – стверджувати
Direct speech: “Nuclear power is a safe and non-polluting kind of energy.” – «Ядерна енергія безпечна і не призводить до забруднень.»
Indirect speech: The scientists asserted that nuclear power is a safe and non-polluting kind of energy. – Вчені стверджували, що ядерна енергія безпечна і не призводить до забруднень.
contend – заявляти
Direct speech: “The Earth may be much younger than previously thought.” – «Земля може бути набагато молодшою, ніж думали раніше.»
Indirect speech: Some astronomers contend that the Earth may be much younger than previously thought. – Деякі астрономи заявили, що Земля може бути набагато молодшою, ніж думали раніше.
Вправи
Запам'ятайте:
this → that
here → there
today → that day
tomorrow → the next day
Вправа 1
Передайте наступні наказові речення у непрямій мові.
1. “Explain to me how to solve this problem,” my friend said to me. 2. The teacher said to me, “Hand this note to your parents, please.” 3. The doctor said to Nick, “Open your mouth and show me your tongue.” 4. Oleg said to his sister, “Put the letter in an envelope and give it to Kate.” 5. “Don’t be afraid of my dog,” said the man to Kate. 6. “Please help me with this work, Henry,” said Robert. 7. “Take this book and read it,” said the librarian to the boy. 8. “Please bring me some fish soup,” he said to the waitress. 9. The doctor said to Pete, “Don’t go for a walk today.” 10. “Don’t worry over such a small thing,” she said to me. 11. “Don’t eat too much ice cream,” Nick’s mother said to him. 12. “Please don’t mention it to anybody,” Mary said to her friend. 13. “Go home,” the teacher said to us. 14. “Promise to come and see me,” said Jane to Alice.
Вправа 2
Передайте наступні наказові речення у непрямій мові.
1. “Buy some meat in the shop,” my mother said to me. 2. Не said to us, “Come here tomorrow.” 3. “Sit down at the table and do your homework,” my mother said to me. 4. I said to Mike, “Send me a telegram as soon as you arrive.” 5. “Don’t forget to clean your teeth,” said granny to Helen. 6. Father said to me, “Don’t stay there long.” 7. “Don’t sit up late,” said the doctor to Mary. 8. Peter said to them, “Don’t leave the room until I come back.” 9. “Take my luggage to Room 145,” he said to the porter. 10. He said to me, “Ring me up tomorrow.” 11. “Bring me a cup of black coffee,” she said to the waiter. 12. “Don’t be late for dinner,” mother said to us. 13. Jane said to us, “Please tell me all you know about it.” 14. She said to Nick, “Please don’t say anything about it to your sister.”
Запам'ятайте:
last → previous, before
these → those
now → then
yesterday → the day before
next → the following
now → at once
ago → before
Вправа 3
Передайте наступні наративні речення у непрямій мові.
1. Oleg said, “My room is on the second floor.” 2. The woman said to her son, “I am glad I am here.” 3. Masha said, “I usually spend my holidays in the south.” 4. The mother said, “The children are in the nursery, doctor.” 5. “When your turn comes, listen very carefully to what the doctor tells you, ”I said to my grandmother. 6. He said, “I am sure she will ring me up when she is back in Toronto.” 7. Mike said, “We have bought these books today.” 8. She said, “I spent my holidays in the Crimea last year.” 9. “I have no time for lunch today,” said the boy to his mother. 10. “If you are in a hurry, we will do only the first experiment,” the laboratory assistant said to me. 11. Misha said, “I saw them at my parents’ house last year.” 12. She said to me, “Now I can read your translation.” 13. Boris said, “I go to the south every year.” 14. “You speak English very well,” the woman said to me. 15. “I won’t start anything new until I have finished this novel,” said the writer to the correspondent.
Вправа 4
Передайте наступні наративні речення у непрямій мові.
1. He said, “I haven’t seen my cousin today.” 2. “This man spoke to me on the road,” said the woman. 3. He said, “I am going to a ski resort tomorrow.” 4. My brother said to me, “I am going to become a doctor.” 5. “When I get a job, I’ll buy you a warm coat,” said the boy’s father. 6. “I don’t go to this shop very often,” she said. 7. “I can’t explain this rule to you,” my classmate said to me. 8. Ann said to us, “They haven’t come yet.” 9. My uncle said to us, “I buy several newspapers every day.” 10. “If you spill the milk, there won’t be any for the cat,” my mother said to me. 11. Tom said, “I have already had breakfast, so I am not hungry.” 12. The teacher said to the class, “We will discuss this subject tomorrow.” 13. She said to us, “They arrived in Toronto yesterday.” 14. The teacher said to the pupils, “Next year we will have six hours of English a week.” 15. “When you come to see me on Sunday, I will show you my new dress,” she said to me.