The head of the Church of England, more Protestant than Catholic, becomes the monarch himself, and this situation is still preserved. Catholic churches, monasteries, including the now fascinating Glastonbury Abbey, even with its ruins, are demolished and put on rubble for paving roads. The policy of enclosing the former monastic lands leads to the fact that agriculture is redirected to the production of wool, and the multiplied sheep «eat people». Where two hundred peasants lived comfortably, only three or four shepherds remain. Unemployed, «paupers», without unnecessary proceedings are sent to hard labor or a gallows. In total, during the reign of Henry the Eighth, seventy-two thousand people were executed, three percent of the population of England.
Maria, the daughter of Henry, the first lady who has been on the throne for a long time, restores Catholicism, reconciles with the Pope, and for a time receives the support of the people. But, bonfires, rampant executions, including the massacre of their timid predecessor, the «queen of ten days», sixteen-year-old Jane Gray, do not increase the popularity of the monarch; as well as a dynastic marriage with the prickly Spanish Prince Philip. Mary, now «Bloody» is dying of fever, leaving no direct heirs to the country
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1. The emblem of the Lancaster is a scarlet rose.
2. Rose of York.
3. The combined red-white rose of the Tudor dynasty.
4. Henry Seventh Tudor, King of England and the Sovereign of Ireland by right of conquest, founder of the dynasty (1457 1509).
5. Henry VIII (Henry VIII), the third child of Henry the Seventh, «The Bluebeard,» the head of the Church of England (1491 1547). With two wives from six divorced, two executed on charges of treason, one died herself, the latter remained quite a happy widow. By the end of life because of obesity could move only with the help of special mechanisms. The last three marriages are childless.
6. Anna Boleyn, «impregnable mistress» for seven years, later Henrys second wife, who taught him, for the sake of a new marriage, to change the old Catholic ritual (1501 1536). A very well-known character in world history. Kaznena together with four friends poets and musicians, on the accusation of adultery.
7. Maria Tudor, she is Bloody Mary, Maria Bloody, the daughter of Henry the Eighth from the first marriage, considered invalid (1516 1558). The first crowned queen of England. In Britain there is not a single monument to this, marked by bloody reprisals, the monarch.
8. Elizabeth the First, the youngest daughter of Henry the Eighth from a marriage with Anna Boleyn (15331603). This marriage is also annulled, but this time the child born in it becomes a full (and very successful) monarch. Elizabeths psyche was influenced by the tyranny of her father, the execution of her mother and the penultimate wife of the «Blue Beard,» Keith Howard, who became her good friend. However, Elizabeth did not shy away from fashion, watched her appearance, looked young, and, in particular, was fond of putting on the face of all the new layers of powder. Time of reign and never married a queen-virgin is considered the golden age of England.
Stewards. A dynasty of descendants from Scotland. England and Scotland for the first time become a single kingdom under the leadership of James the First, son of the executed in England, the Scottish Queen Maria Stewart. His son, Karl the First, experiences an inexplicable antipathy for his former homeland, regards it as a cash cow, and, after the death of Duke Buckingham (George Villiers), his fathers adviser and lover, loses control over what is happening. The British Parliament decides to decapitate the arrogant king.
The dynasty of Oliver Cromwell, the Lord Protector of England, has only two rulers. A year after the death of his father, Richard Cromwell understands that he can not cope with the management of the state that has not cooled down after the hot civil wars and, recalling the sad story of Charles Stewart, resigns.
The son of the head of the king who has lost his head, Charles II returns to the throne. The classical monarchy is restored.
Wilhelm Third of Orange, ruler of the Netherlands, won the sympathy of the inhabitants of Great Britain, invited them to the office of king. With him, culture (Swift), science (Newton) and the social order (Bill of Rights) are experiencing an unprecedented rise. Among other things, Wilhelm meets Peter the Great in both his possessions, England and the Netherlands.
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1. Mary I Stuart, Queen of Scotland, since 16 years of the wife of the King of France, Francis II. Granddaughter of the best King of England, Henry the Seventh. The second marriage, after the death of Francis from the disease in 6 years, with a cousin, nineteen Henry Stewart. The second husband disappoints the queen, as a result of some unresolved events, he dies. The third marriage with the likely murderer of the king, a certain Count of Botvel, deprives Maria Stuart of authority among her subjects. The Lords raise uprising, Botvell withdraws, the Queen signs a renunciation in favor of the (only) son from the last spouse, Jacob the Sixth. Then she gets involved in a new confrontation with the Scottish lords, loses and flies to England, behind the protection of Queen Elizabeth the First. Here she is kept with a considerable staff of servants, in honor and contentment, however, is involved in correspondence with people who want to physically eliminate Elizabeth. The conspiracy is revealed.
Maria, who continues to insist on her rights to the throne, is executed at the age of 44, but, judging by the death mask, she «perfectly preserved» for her time.
2. Charles the First, the first executed by the people and the parliament king (1600 1649).
3. Oliver Cromwell, Lord General, Lord Protector, «Peoples Politician» of England (1599 1658). He died of malaria and typhus.
4. Wilhelm Hendrik, Prins van Oranje, the English king, according to the assurances of British historians, the best of its kind (1650 1702). On the mother sister of Charles the Second, Maria Henriette the son of the Stuarts, on the father belongs to the Oran dynasty (the Netherlands). He is married to his cousin, again, to Maria Stuart. Children in this marriage do not. He died from pneumonia.
5. George Villiers, title Duke of Buckingham (1st Duke of Buckingham), 1592 1628. Favorite of Jacob the First. It is called by the king in intimate letters that «wife», then «husband». Zakolot John Felton, the English puritan, the prototype of the hero of the popular novel A. Dumas, for some of their moral and ethical considerations.