HABITAT.Java, but said by Jerdon to have been found in Calcutta and Ceylon.
DESCRIPTION.Fur fine woolly, long, bicoloured; above light shining brown, paler below; the free edge of the interfemoral membrane margined with small papillæ.
NO. 107. KERIVOULA HARDWICKIIHABITAT.India (AssamShillong, Khasia hills).
DESCRIPTION.Same size as K. picta, but ears larger; fur uniformly dark above and below, with shining greyish-brown extremities.
GENUS VESPERTILIOMuzzle long; ears often larger than the head, oval, apart; tragus long, acute; crown of head vaulted; feet moderate; wing membrane from base of toes; tail, wholly included in interfemoral membrane, less than length of head and body.
Dentition: Inc., 22/6; can., 11/11; premolars, 33/33; molars, 33/33.
NO. 108. MYOTIS (VESPERTILIO) MURINUS(Jerdon's No. 61.)HABITAT.N.W. Himalayas.
DESCRIPTION.Fur above light reddish or smoke brown beneath dusky white, the base of the hairs dark.
SIZE.Head and body, 2½ inches; tail, 2 inches; expanse, 15 inches.
NO. 109 & 110. MYOTIS THEOBALDI and MYOTIS PARVIPES(Jerdon's Nos. 62 & 63.)Both these appear to be closely allied to the pipistrelle of Europe, and are stated to have been found at Mussoorie and in Kashmir.
NO. 111. VESPERTILIO LONGIPESHABITAT.Kashmir (caves of Bhima Devi, 6000 feet).
DESCRIPTION.Wings from the ankles; feet very large, about one-fourth the length of the head and body; fur black above, underneath black with whitish tips.
SIZE.Head and body, 1·75 inch; tail, 1·45 inch.
NO. 112. VESPERTILIO MYSTACINUSHABITAT.Himalayas.
DESCRIPTION.Muzzle narrow; skull vaulted; ears as long as head, wings from base of toes; fur dark brown.
NO. 113. VESPERTILIO MURICOLAHABITAT.Himalayas, Arracan.
DESCRIPTION.Similar to the above, but may be distinguished by a small lobe behind the heel, by the deep emargination of the upper third of the outer margin of the ear; by the intensely black colour of the fur and membranes, and by its small size.Dobson.
SIZE.Head and body, 1·6 inch; tail, 1·55 inch.
NO. 114. VESPERTILIO MONTIVAGUSHABITAT.Burmah, Hotha, Yunan.
DESCRIPTION.Head slightly elevated above the face line; muzzle obtuse; ears narrow, tapering, with rounded tips slightly turned outwards; tragus long, narrow, and acutely pointed; feet very small; toes two-thirds the length of the whole foot; tail wholly contained in the membrane; wings from base of toes; fur dark brown above, the tips paler and shining, beneath much darker, almost black, with ashy tips to the hairs; face much covered with hair, which almost conceals the eyes; the tip of the nose alone naked; wing membranes partially covered with fur.
SIZE.Head and body, 1·8 inch; tail, 1·6 inch.
This bat, of which the above description is taken from Dobson's monograph, was obtained by Dr. J. Anderson during the Yunan Expedition.
NO. 115. VESPERTILIO MURINOIDESHABITAT.N.W. Himalayas (Chamba), 3000 feet.
DESCRIPTION.General form of the ear triangular, with narrow rounded tips; outer margin concave beneath tips; tragus slender and acutely pointed, with a quadrangular lobe at the base of the outer margin; fur dark brown above with light brown tips; dark brown below, almost black with greyish tips.
SIZE.Head and body, 2·5 inches; tail 2.
NO. 116. VESPERTILIO FORMOSUSHABITAT.N.W. Himalayas (Nepal, Darjeeling), Khasia hills.
DESCRIPTION.Wing membrane broad and variegated with orange and rich dark brown; the portions of the dark-coloured membrane are triangular in form, and occupy the spaces between the second and third and third and fourth fingers; all the remaining portions of the membranes, including interfemoral, are orange, as are also the ears; the orange colour extends in narrow lines along each side of the fingers, and is dispersed over the dark triangular space in dots and streaks.
SIZE.Head and body, 2 inches; tail, 1·1; expanse 11.
NO. 117. VESPERTILIO NEPALENSISHABITAT.Khatmandu, Nepal.
DESCRIPTION.Fur of head and back long and dense, bicoloured; base black, tips brown; underneath the hairs are two-thirds black, with the remaining upper third pure white.
SIZE.Head and body, 1·65 inch; tail, 1·35.
NO. 118. VESPERTILIO EMARGINATUSVARIETY.DesertorumHABITAT.Beluchistan.
DESCRIPTION.The upper third of the outer margin of the ears deeply emarginate; colour of fur light brownish; ears and interfemoral membranes pale yellowish white; membranes dusky white.
SIZE.Head and body, 2 inches; tail 1·6.
GENUS MINIOPTERUS (Bonaparte)DESCRIPTION.Crown of head abruptly and very considerably raised above the face line; ears separate, rhomboidal, the outer margin carried forward to the angle of the mouth; tragus like that in Vesperugo; first phalanx of the second or longest finger very short; feet long and slender; tail as long as head and body, wholly contained in the membrane.
Dentition: Inc., 22/6; can., 11/11, premolars, 22/33, molars, 33/33.
NO. 119. MINIOPTERUS SCHREIBERSIIHABITAT.Burmah and Ceylon.
DESCRIPTION.Colour of fur varies, the basal half of the hair always dark greyish black, dark brown or black; the extremities varying from light grey to light reddish-grey, dark reddish-brown and black. For further details see Dobson's monograph.
GENUS BARBASTELLUSEars large, connate at the base in front, triangular, emarginate on the outer margin, broad, concealing the back of the head, hairy in the middle; tragus broad at the base, narrow at the tip, and curved outwardly.
Dentition: Inc., 22/6; can., 11/11; premolars, 22/22; molars, 33/33.
NO. 120. BARBASTELLUS COMMUNIS(Jerdon's No. 65.)HABITAT.Himalayas, Nepal and Mussoorie.
DESCRIPTION.Fur above blackish brown; the hairs fulvous at the tips; abdomen greyish brown; hairs fine silky.
SIZE.Head and body, 2 inches; tail, 1-2/12; expanse; 10½.Jerdon.
This is the same as the English Barbastelle, and it appears in Dobson's monograph as Synotus Darjeelinensis.
NO. 121. NYCTOPHILUS GEOFFROYI(Jerdon's No. 66.)HABITAT.Mussoorie.
Jerdon here goes back to the nose-leafed bats. I can find no trace of it in Dobson's monograph, which is so exhaustive as far as Asiatic species are concerned.
DESCRIPTION.Over the eyes, at the hind corner, a tuft of black hair; fur dark brown, above throat and flank brownish-white; below black with white tips. A simple transverse nose-leaf; ears large, ovoid, united at base as in Plecotus.
SIZE.Head and body, 1¾ to 2 inches; tail, 1-5/12; expanse, 9¾.
We have now concluded our notice of Indian bats but yet much is to be discovered concerning them. Very little is known of the habits of these small nocturnal animals, only a few of the most familiar large ones are such as one can discourse upon in a popular way; the lives and habits of the rest are a blank to us. We see them flit about rapidly in the dusky evening, and capture one here and there, but, after a bare description, in most cases very uninteresting to all save those who are "bat fanciers," what can be said about them? Many of them have been written about for a century, yet how little knowledge has been gained! It has been no small labour to collate all the foregoing species, and to compare them with various works; it would have been a most difficult task but for the assistance I have received from Dr. Dobson's book, which every naturalist should possess if he desires to have a thorough record of all the Indian Chiroptera.