Collins Dictionaries - Collins Spurrell Welsh Dictionary Pocket Edition: trusted support for learning стр 2.

ACCENT

Welsh words are generally accented on the last syllable but one. There are certain exceptions:

1 The reduplicated personal pronouns myfi, tydi, efe, efô, hyhi, nyni, chwychwi, hwynt-hwy, accented on the final syllable. 2 Verbs in -(h)au, -(h)oi, -eu, accented on the final syllable. 3 A few dissyllabic words beginning y + consonant, accented on the final syllable. 4 Certain polysyllabic words with a diphthong resulting in contraction in the final syllable, such as Cymraeg.5 Some borrowed words accented as in the language of origin, generally English.

MUTATIONS

Mutations, or letter changes, can occur at the beginning of Welsh words. Mutations are caused by the preceding word. There are three different mutations:

Llythyren wreiddiol Treiglad meddal Treiglad trwynol Treiglad llaes Original letterSoft mutationNasal mutationAspirate mutationchanges to:changes to:changes to:P b mh ph t d nh th c g ngh ch b f m d dd n g - ng ll l m f rh r

COMMON WORDS CAUSING SOFT MUTATION TREIGLAD MEDDAL

ei his dy your dau / dwy two (masculine / feminine) pa which neu or rhy too yn before an adjective Adjectives which come before the noun: For example: Maer hen ddyn yn byw yn y tŷ. The old man lives in the house. Dyma fy hoff gân. This is my favourite song. Some prepositions: For example: Maer bws yn mynd i Gaerdydd. The bus is going to Cardiff. Maen nhwn chwarae dros dîm yr ysgol. They play for the school team. Certain words which come before a feminine noun: y and r the un one Mae castell yn y dref. Theres a castle in town. Maer ddinas wedi gwella. The city has improved. Dim ond un broblem sydd ar ôl. Theres only one problem left. Any feminine noun which has an adjective immediately after it: merch dda a good girl

COMMON WORDS CAUSING NASAL MUTATION TREIGLAD TRWYNOL

fy my yn in

COMMON WORDS CAUSING ASPIRATE MUTATION TREIGLAD LLAES

a and â as/to/with chwe six ei her gyda with tri three tua approximatelyABBREVIATIONSBYRFODDAU abbreviation abbr byrfodd adjective adj ansoddair anatomy Anat anatomeg automobile Aut moduro auxiliary verb aux vb berf atodol British English BRIT Saesneg Prydain collective noun coll n enw torfol computing Comput cyfrifiadureg conjunction conj cysylltiad contraction contr cywasgiad cookery Culin coginio definite article def art bannod bendant demonstrative dem dangosol emphatic emphat pwyslais exclamation excl ebychiad formal form ffurfiol (phrasal verb) where fus (berf ymadroddol) the particle is lle na all y inseparable rhangymeriad gael ei wahanu imperative imper gorchmynnol indefinite article indef art bannod amhendant indeterminate indeter amhenderfynadwy colloquial usage inf(!) defnydd llafar (offensive) (anweddus) grammar, Ling gramadeg, linguistics ieithyddiaeth masculine m gwrywaidd mathematics Math mathemateg medical term Med term meddygol modal auxiliary verb mod aux vb berf atodol moddol music Mus cerddoriaeth noun n enw noun dual nd enw deuol number num rhif old-fashioned old hen ffasiwn derogatory, pej difrïol pejorative plural pl lluosog past participle pp rhangymeriad gorffennol politics Pol gwleidyddiaeth prefix pref rhagddodiad preposition prep arddodiad pronoun pron rhagenw past tense pt amser gorffennol relative rel perthynol singular sing unigol Telecommunications Tel Telathrebu American English US Saesneg America verb vb berf impersonal verb vb imper berf amhersonol intransitive verb vi berf gyflawn transitive verb vt berf anghyflawn

WELSHENGLISH