Substitutions for A. Kosygin responsible, business, modest in the way of life not a drinking statesman, no.
Private life the only wife, Claudia Andreevna, daughter. Hobby skiing, canoeing, walking along mountain trails.
Leonid Brezhnev
Leonid Brezhnev. Birth 1906, with. Kamenskoye (Dneprodzerzhinsk), Ekaterinoslav province (now Dneprovsk region, Ukraine), working at a butter mill, studying at the Kursk land-reclamation technical school. Until 1929 L. Brezhnev surveyor and land surveyor. Further, fate leads him into the power offices, where Leonid Ilich practices the skills of not only land in the posts of deputy chairman of the district executive committee and deputy head of the Ural Land Administration. L. Brezhnev raises the qualification in the universities of Moscow and Dneprodzerzhinsk, serves in the army as an officer-tanker, becomes secretary of the Dnepropetrovsk Regional Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine. During the Great Patriotic War, the chief of the Political Department of the 18th Army, Colonel Brezhnev, in particular, organized the resistance of Soviet troops on the Little Earth bridgehead near Novorossiysk. Recall, the bridgehead is formed on February 4, 1943 as a result of the partially unsuccessful operation of the Red Army to liberate the city of Novorossiysk. The main, sea and air assault forces, due to inadequate fire support, are being retreated, the auxiliary one, using captured weapons, ammunition, etc., seizes the territories later named Lesser Earth. Soldiers are building a network of trenches, dugouts, defending a bridgehead for 225 days. Brigade Commissar LI Brezhnev is on the front lines, conducts classes, which now would be called training for team building and in general, it shows itself not bad. On June 24, 1945, Major-General Leonid Ilyich took part in the Victory Parade on Red Square.
According to some sources, Leonid Brezhnev is one of ten armed generals who arrived in the Kremlin for the arrest of L. P. Beria.
From the submission of Khrushchev, LB, who became the first secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan, manages the development of virgin lands, as well as the construction of the Baikonur cosmodrome.
Since May 1960, L. Brezhnev Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. It sounds very, very solid, but still, the main secretary in this System is the First Secretary of the Central Committee. In 1964 Khrushchev dismisses Brezhnev from a high post, replacing him (his friend) Anastas Mikoyan. Brezhnev, already with his longtime friend, Nikolai Podgorny, First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine, secretary (one of several) of the CPSU Central Committee, and other interested persons, is advancing. At the extraordinary meeting of the Presidium convened, Leonid Brezhnev satisfied his former patron with a thorough separation. Nikita Sergeyevich understands that he is stumped, reports Mikoyan (I will not fight) and, at the second meeting, with the words Finally, the party grew and can control any person (the option do without blood), Games for retirement.
So, in 1965 the Golden Five-Year Plan of Kosygin starts. The real welfare of citizens during this time increases by more than 2.2 times. It can be said that now the collective leadership is being implemented: five or six members of the Central Committee are significant instead of a leader. But, by and large, there is still no feedback system with government bodies. You can change anything on the ground only if, for example, your letter (one of many thousands) is published in a central newspaper.
It should be repeated. A huge country ruled 56, maybe 10 people Friends of the General Secretary. This, of course, is much better than the single leader granted to the whims of his split psyche, but there is simply no one to correct these people, in case of their serious mistake, or, perhaps, even a direct betrayal of the interests of their country. Civil institutions, communities, most importantly, independent, speaking people, there is not (or the security service immediately takes them for the mentally ill). A similar system develops in science, art, and all branches of industry. Artistic councils do not allow creative groups to develop. KGB chief Yuri Andropov, for the sake of the economic scouts he loves, drives the groups of initiative masters into the awkward giant VNIITSEVT, makes mindlessly copy IBM 360; completely stopping all this development of domestic computers. In 1969, Americans make a global breakthrough: they create a computer network ARPANET, a connection between the scientific institutions of the United States, England the entire developed Western world, the prototype of the modern Internet. In the USSR this epoch-making movement remains practically unnoticed.
And all that sort of thing.
Under Khrushchev, the five-million-strong Soviet Army and Navy are largely reduced. This is, of course, a good thing. However, officers are subject to unacceptable humiliations. Yes, they do not know how to do anything more often, often the colonial majors have to occupy very insignificant posts, up to the collective farm shepherd; but, after all, we understand that this is not the way to deal with people.
Under Leonid Brezhnev and his Friends, the Armed Forces of the USSR (not restrained, for example, awakened by the high consciousness of the people), and the military-industrial complex, take an excellent revenge. Armored vehicles are produced. Many, many tanks and armored personnel carriers. All of them are stored in vast fields, open-air, throughout the USSR, and there, without due maintenance and attention, gradually die. NATO countries focus on helicopters, air defense assets, guided missiles and other high-tech products; high mobility and efficiency. As practice showed, this decision is quite appropriate. So, in Afghanistan, the Soviet tanks T-64, T-72, (with a slight elevation of the gun, very vulnerable from above, gluttonous and overweight) did not make a special impression on the Mujahideen; while helicopters Mi-24 more than.
Defense spending on the Internet, specific numbers, and not lengthy reasoning on a given topic, is rather difficult to find. The ratio of military spending in the general budget of opponents is somewhat trusting: the USSR 18%, the USA 6%.
The number of the Soviet Army is increasing, from 2 million in 1970 to 5.5 million in 1985. And, as we are now friends, a huge but not motivated military armada does not at all guarantee the security and integrity of the state. On the contrary, it only contributes to its disintegration in every possible way.
Since 1964 the organization Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CMEA) is coming to full capacity, uniting the most developed socialist countries of the world. The beginning of it, recall, believes the decision of Stalin (1949), as well as the actual reception for the maintenance of future satellites in 19451947. For example, only Romania (an agrarian country), a recent ally of Hitlers Germany, who lost 0.5 million of its soldiers in the war (and contributed to the death of probably a comparable number of Soviet soldiers), gratuitously received 480,000 tons of wheat and corn. During the same period, at least 800,000 people died of starvation in the Soviet Union, mostly collective farmers and (not having any allowances) disabled veterans of the war.
The continuation of the CMEA, in general, corresponds to its beginning. The currency of the organization is the so-called transfer (non-cash) ruble. Money that can not be cashed, presented in the form of a ringing coin or a crispy note are dead. Moreover, despite the national name; The ruble, the USSR in principle does not have the ability to print these banknotes so much as to pay off all debts, and buy in the CMEA member countries as much as they put up for sale. In this, the monetary policy of the Soviet Union is radically different from that in the United States. The American Fed produces exactly that, live money gray-green dollars, which, despite their theoretical lack of gold, you can touch, hide in your pocket, pay for a tank of gasoline, or, say, big poppy. The countries the satellites of the USA, and not only, greedily buy up these material banknotes, enter into the internal circulation, pay off among themselves, and with the whole world. Not quite honest, but more than effective. Rothschilds, Rockefellers, senators and presidents the whole American nation understands that buddies who are constantly sitting on their neck, feeling themselves in debt, will betray you at any convenient moment.