Tyler Chris - Fedora Linux стр 35.

16. timeout=5

17. splashimage=(hd0,1)/grub/splash.xpm.gz

18. hiddenmenu

19. title Fedora Core (2.6.17-1.2517.fc6)

20. root (hd0,1)

21. kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.17-1.2517.fc6 ro root=/dev/Main/root rhgb quiet

22. initrd /initrd-2.6.17-1.2517.fc6.img

23. title Windows XP

24. rootnoverify (hd0,0)

25. chainloader +1

26. This example shows two Fedora Core entries for two different kernel versions. There may be additional entries for other operating systems (such as Windows) or additional kernels.

27. Find a Fedora Core entry (the bold lines in the example

above) usually, the one with the latest kernel. Make an identical copy of it immediately after the original location in the file:

28. title Fedora Core (2.6.17-1.2517.fc6)

29. root (hd0,1)

30. kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.17-1.2517.fc6 ro root=/dev/Main/root rhgb quiet

31. initrd /initrd-2.6.17-1.2517.fc6.img

32. title Fedora Core (2.6.17-1.2517.fc6)

33. root (hd0,1)

34. kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.17-1.2517.fc6 ro root=/dev/Main/root rhgb quiet

35. initrd /initrd-2.6.17-1.2517.fc6.img

36. Change the description of the copied section to indicate the runlevel that will be used:

37. title Fedora Core (2.6.17-1.2517_fc6) - Runlevel 3 - Character mode

38.

39. On the kernel line, append the runlevel that you wish to use (this will override the default runlevel in /etc/inittab ):

kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.17-1.2517.fc6 ro root=/dev/Main/root rhgb quiet 3

1. Optionally, change the default , timeout , or hiddenmenu options to suit your tastes.

2. The default option specifies which of the menu entries is booted by default; the menu entries are numbered starting at 0 , so you could set this line to 1 to boot the second item on the menu automatically:

3. default= 1

4.

5. The timeout option sets the number of seconds that the menu will be displayed before the default option is automatically chosen. To give the user 30 seconds to decide which boot option to use, change the timeout line to read:

6. timeout= 30

7.

8. hiddenmenu hides the menu until the user presses a key; remove the hiddenmenu line to automatically reveal the menu every time the system is booted.

9. Save the file and exit vi . The new menu option will appear the next time you boot the system.

4.5.2. How Does It Work?

If a runlevel is specified in the kernel boot options, init uses that value for the runlevel; otherwise, it obtains a runlevel from the initdefault line in /etc/inittab .

init then looks for a sysinit enTRy in /etc/inittab and executes the command specified:

si::sysinit:/etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit

This executes the /etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit script, which performs some basic system setup common to all runlevels.

Next, init examines the /etc/inittab file, looking for entries that contain the current runlevel in the second field and wait or respawn in the third field. For runlevel 3, it will find these lines:

l3:3:wait:/etc/rc.d/rc 3

1:2345:respawn:/sbin/mingetty tty1

2:2345:respawn:/sbin/mingetty tty2

3:2345:respawn:/sbin/mingetty tty3

4:2345:respawn:/sbin/mingetty tty4

5:2345:respawn:/sbin/mingetty tty5

6:2345:respawn:/sbin/mingetty tty6

The first line starts the script /etc/rc.d/rc with the argument 3 . This in turn sequentially executes every script in /etc/rc.d/rc3.d that starts with the letter S (for start ); this is how runlevel-specific software and services get started. Scripts in that same directory that start with K (for Kill ) are used to stop software when switching from the runlevel.

The remaining lines listed start character-mode logins on virtual terminals 1 through 6; the respawn keyword indicates that init must restart those programs when they terminate, enabling another user to log in.

4.5.3. What About...

4.5.3.1. ...booting without an /etc/inittab file?

To

protect against the unauthorized use of runlevel S, it's a good idea to add a password entry to the boot menu. If you didn't do this during the installation, you can add the password at any time by following these steps:

1. Generate an encrypted password with the grub-md5-crypt command:

2. $ grub-md5-crypt

3. Password:

4. bigsecret

5. Retype password:

6. bigsecret$1$f1z061$j/UEYyBn0e0996w0gjq4k/

7.

8. The previous line in bold is the encrypted (scrambled) version of the password.

9. Next, edit the /boot/grub/grub.conf file and add this line at the top, substituting the password generated in step 1:

10. password --md5 $1$f1z061$j/UEYyBn0e0996w0gjq4k/

11.

12. When you boot the system, you will still be able to select a boot menu entry, but to perform any advanced operations (such as appending runlevel information to a boot entry) you will need to enter the password.

4.5.3.2. ...using the GUI in runlevel 3?

$ startx

To have the GUI start each time you log in, add this command to your ~/.bash_profile :

exec startx

On a server, this gives you the best of both worlds: the GUI doesn't consume any resources when it's not in use, but it can be started quickly any time you need ituseful when you need to look up documentation on a web site, for example.