2) What kind of data do servers store?
3) Can you name any characteristics that a server might have?
4) What security measures do you think a company need to take when dealing with servers?
5) What problems may occur if a server doesnt work correctly?
3. Read the dialogue and put the words in brackets into correct order:
Kathrine office worker
Jack system administrator
K.: Hi, Jack. 1._____ (you/sorry/bother/to), but Leon said that only you could help me. 2._____ (5 minutes/I/may/of your time/you/ask/for)?
J.: Ok.
K.: Thanks! 3._____ (you/I/ ask/wanted to/about) servers were using at work.
J: Well, we have one physical server on-premise and also we use OpenStack VMs for some applications.
K.: 4._____ (I/wondering/was/if you/me/could/to/help) explain the difference between a physical server and an OpenStack VM.
J.: Sure. A physical server is a sort of hardware that can be touched and seen, you know. It processes data, RAM and disk space. Moreover, this server hosts virtual machines. In our company all VMs were created by OpenStack software. Such virtual machines we call instances.
K.: Thats interesting. 5._____ (understand/If/correctly/I), we can create a lot of instances with the use of OpenStack to run various applications?
J.: Exactly. Furthermore, each instance can be allocated its own resources like CPU, memory, and storage. We can even assign them to specific VLANs.
K.: Pardon? 6._____ (I/catch/didnt) what VLANs are.
J.: A VLAN is a Virtual Local Area Network. Its used to separate networks or network segments logically without needing two physical networks. This helps in efficient utilization of resources within an organizations network infrastructure. So, its like having different groups of logical switches so we can control LAN traffic depending upon users or applications you wish to provide connectivity to.
K.: I see. You also mentioned RAM. How can it affect servers performance?
J.: The amount of RAM will determine how many programs you can run simultaneously and how fast it could be. If there isnt enough RAM, the system will slow down or crash because it doesnt have enough available memory to handle all the requests.
K.: 7._____ (got/I/it). And what about security?
J.: Dont worry. We use firewalls, encryption methods, antivirus software, and regular maintenance updates to keep our servers secure.
K.: 8._____ (now,/Thats/you/clear/thanks). I have one more question: how do we ensure that our server is always operating efficiently?
J.: Its easy. We monitor its performance regularly, analyse usage patterns, and make adjustments which are needed to optimise its speed and reliability.
K. All right. 9._____ (Thanks/all this/ for explaining).
J.: No problem. See you!
4. Read the text once again and answer the questions:
What information does Kate want to know?
What is the difference between a physical server and an OpenStack VM?
How does RAM affect server performance?
What other security measures can be used to protect servers?
5. Write the missing letters to complete the words:
server _n-pr_m_se a physical server which is located in companys building or data center.
appl_ca_ion a program which performs exact functions for users.
to _o_t to be somewhere e.g., in cloud
vir_ual ma_h_ne a resource that uses software instead of a physical computer to run programs and deploy apps.
In_t_n_e another name for VM used for clouds
to _ll_cate to divide
_L_N a network that groups together devices that share a physical LAN, isolating the traffic for each group.
ut_l_za_ion using something
network infrastructure a set of hardware and software to maintain a network.
to _ff_ct to influence on something
p_rfo_m_nce how well something works
to slo_ do_n to move slower
to _rash to fall, to break
to h_n_le to deal with something
r_q_est a message with the task
_ncr_pt_on a changing of data into a secret code to protect an information from stealing
m_inten_nc_ upd_te a new release of software without new functions for fixing bugs
to mon_tor to check
to anal_se to study in detail
adjus_me_t a small change
to opt_mise to make something better
6. Complete the situations with the words from the ex.5:
affect monitor VM slow down network infrastructure allocate application server on-premise host optimise
1.Stanley: «Can you please create a new ______ for testing?»
Dave: «Ok, but firstly I need to know if we ______ enough resources to do it.»
2.Jenny: «Do we need to install the ______?»
David: «Why not? Its more secure that way.»
3.Ann: «Does the new software ______ the current system?»
Oliver: «Yes, it does. We need to test it before implementing.»
4. Elena: «What ______ did you install yesterday?»
Martha: «Spotify. I finally decided to try it.»
5.Nora: «Can a network infrastructure ______ over time?»
Nikita: «Yes, if its not maintained properly.»
6.Noah: «How can we ______ the network speed?»
Ivan: «We can try allocating more bandwidth to the critical applications.»
7. Rob: «We need to find a place to ______ our website.»
Brian: «I heard Bluehost is a good option.»
8.Lucas: «We need to ______ the ______ closely.»
Dan: «Yes, any issues can affect all the connected devices.»
7. Read the text from the ex.3 once again and complete the table with the phrases from the text and the additional section:
Additional phrases:
a. Thats clear, thank you.
b. I appreciate your explanation.
c. I need some assistance, please.
d. Could you please clarify?
e. I think we are not on the same page.
f. Could you do me a favor?
g. Im terribly sorry but
8. Fill in the gaps with the missing phrases from ex.7:
Alex systems engineer
Sergei service team manager
Sergei: Good morning, _______? (apology)
Alex: Hello, yes.
Sergei: I _____ (ask for help) invite you to an unplanned meeting in 10 minutes time, because you will be engaged in one more project.
Alex: ______ (apology). I dont have any time for it today.
Sergei: Why? Were going to discuss an important issue about working at the weekend.
Alex: But today is Monday. You can reschedule the meeting for Thursday or Friday, for instance.
Sergei: ______ (clarification)
Alex: _____ (apology) I need to finish the configuration of 10 servers in few hours time. So I cant participate in a meeting.
Sergei: _____ (misunderstanding). You can do it right after our call.
Alex: No, its my high priority task for now. If I do something wrong, that can lead to crash, or dont meet a deadline, there will be problems with the client. Are you ready to take these risks?
Sergei: No, I suppose. _____ (appreciation for explanations), so take your time. Maybe Ill transfer our meeting for tomorrow because this new project is connected with our new customer and we need to start it as soon as possible.
Alex: Ok, _____ (understanding).
Sergei: In this case Im looking forward to seeing you tomorrow.
Alex: Deal with it.
9. Read the sentences and choose the functions of grammar tenses in them:
10. Study the rules:
Future Simple and be going to
We use Future Simple:
to talk about predictions based on our opinion (I think it will be better to upgrade it as soon as possible.);
to make spontaneous decisions (Ok, we will try to call them.);
to make promises (I will do everything to prevent a server crash.).
We use be going to:
to talk about our plans (I am going to do 3 tasks today);
to talk about predictions based on facts (We noticed some problems with VMs resources, so we are going to optimize it.).
11. Put the verbs into the correct future grammar forms:
1. (our company optimise) the website as we planned?
2. The overall operation of services reduces the Internet speed, so we _ (expand) the Internet channels.
3. I think we _ (monitor) the progress of the project closely.
4. Tomorrow, I _ (have a meeting) with my boss to discuss my KPI.
5. The CEO _ (not allocate) additional money for IT department.