There are many examples of using satellite navigation technologies to improve the efficiency of almost all modes of transport, each of which develops its own corporate information systems aimed at solving internal problems. Unfortunately, the lack of unification during their creation and implementation made these systems autonomous, excluding intersystem interaction and centralized management.
In our opinion, the most expedient way to solve the unification problem is to develop a system of standards that, on the one hand, would allow each application to have its own optimal solutions and communication channels, and on the other unified network protocols. This would make it possible to serve various modes of transport and ensure efficient intermodal transportation within a single information infrastructure.
In addition, today there is a need to create a unified transport system of a new generation. Regional navigation and information systems (RNIS) based on GLONASS technologies should be used as its basis. For the first time the concept of RNIS was introduced by JSC «Russian Space Systems» in 2003 when creating a Regional navigation and Information System of the Yaroslavl region.
The priority areas of the ITS concept in Russia include:
consolidation of resources, technologies and qualified personnel in the field of navigation and transport telematics;
introduction of ITS in large cities, development of the federal road network and construction of toll roads with mandatory deployment of modern ITS components;
formation of international transport corridors harmonized with European ITS standards.
Integration into international intelligent transport systems will allow creating a unified, highly needed harmonized global ITS for consumers, which will increase the competitiveness and economic efficiency of the Russian transport sector, the safety of freight and passenger transportation.
2.3 Development of intelligent train operation management technologies
The national transport policy of many developed countries is currently based on the development and promotion of intelligent transport systems (ITS). They are considered as an effective means of solving urgent problems of the transport industry, such as an unacceptable level of human losses as a result of transport accidents, delays in the turnover of passengers and cargo, insufficiently high productivity of the transport system, increased energy consumption, negative impact on the environment, etc. In addition, ITS is an incentive for the development of a number of industries and new innovative technologies. The latter include technologies for the creation of intelligent control and monitoring systems, the creation of new transport systems and their management, the production of nanomaterials, the creation of energy-saving systems for transportation, distribution and consumption of heat and electricity in the field of railway transport, processing, storage, transmission and protection of information, software production, risk reduction and reduction of the consequences of natural and man-made disasters, etc.
A nationwide ITS program is being developed in Russia, which can become an effective tool for implementing the Transport Strategy of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030. In particular, the Federal Law «Intelligent Transport System of the Russian Federation» is currently being discussed. In the draft of this law, the intelligent transport system is defined as an integral part of the infrastructure of the transport complex, implementing the functions of automated management, information, accounting and control to ensure the legal, financial, technological and information needs of participants in the transport process, as well as meeting the requirements of transport, information and economic security of society. As follows from this definition, it is assumed that the system integration of modern information and communication technologies and automation tools into the transport infrastructure, vehicles in order to improve the safety and efficiency of transport processes. In relation to railway transport, the development of ITS is defined by such a directive document as the Strategy for the Development of Railway Transport in the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030.
2.4 Goals and objectives of ITS creating in railway transport
The goals of creating intelligent railway transport systems are to reduce the transport losses of the population and transport costs in the sphere of economy, business and services, to intensify economic and social processes, to improve traffic safety, to improve the environmental situation, to reduce the negative impact of the human factor on the quality of management, to increase the attractiveness of railway transport for passengers and cargo owners. Achieving these goals involves solving a large number of tasks. These, in particular, include:
improving the efficiency of using the existing railway network by more evenly distributing railway rolling stock in time and space;
improvement of technological, informational and social components of traffic safety;
providing managers at all levels with the necessary information to make operational and strategic decisions based on modeling and assessing the impact on the transport system of new and modernized transport facilities;
formation of a rapid response scheme of transport services, which allows to quickly take measures in case of emergencies, adverse weather conditions, etc.;
creation of monitoring systems for transport infrastructure and traffic conditions, allowing to assess the state of the transport system in real time and predict its changes.
3 MODERN SCIENTIFIC AND METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO THE ITS CREATION IN RAILWAY TRANSPORT
To date, there is no unified understanding of what intelligent transport systems are. In many publications and speeches, they are more or less identified with conventional automated transport systems. An important feature of ITS, which makes it possible to distinguish such systems into a separate class and even into a separate area of research in railway science, is the formal logical and mathematical tools used to solve problems from the standpoint of a system-wide approach to the analysis and management of all systems and processes in railway transport.
It should be emphasized that modern railway transport belongs to the category of extremely complex technical and organizational systems, the management of which is currently practically impossible within the framework of previously established traditional approaches. The complexity of the transport infrastructure and its facilities (railway junctions, stations, transport corridors, etc.) fundamentally excludes the possibility of working in a fully automatic mode. In other words, it is impossible to effectively manage such a system only with the involvement of classical methods for solving complex mathematical modeling problems, search and development of new approaches are required. At the same time, great hopes are placed on intelligent systems that, along with accurate mathematical models, use data and knowledge accumulated in the course of their activities. The work of such systems can, and sometimes should, be based on the formalized experience of highly qualified specialists. Proceeding from this, JSC «Russian Railways» now needs to develop the fundamental foundations for the creation of intelligent railway systems using complex interdisciplinary approaches that can find practical application in a short time.